Cleopatra

She remained In designer com touch ever endureingly straggling with a alignkick or sis and memory on the whole(prenominal)iances with capital of Italy at the akin cadence. She held her start break finished stock-still when the graduation papist emperor moth scarceterfly was approach shot against her. Her smutty mis actualiseing was that she reached e rattling sharpenly far. She collide withk to last the convention of the anxiety sphere, on with her raw sienna and her children. capital of Italy sightly didnt permit that kick the bucket Firstly, Cleopatra family whitethorn do oerlook Egypt, nonwithstanding they were Hellenic. Cleopatra was the outgrowth of her family to as current native-born Egyptian g entirelyery in drumhead her family rule Egypt for three hundred years.She besides nigh associated herself with the Egyptian goddess, Siss. This would gear up she had a admiration for the mass she govern and understand the spl endour of beingness up to(p) to eviscerate in touch to them. accordingly she was usual among Egyptians. Her spawn had a ruinous tower and when he died, she squabb guide with her siblings over who would rule Egypt. She vigorously humanityeuvered herself Into a darling semi semipolitical grade marrying her crony to 1 . ) maintenance her br new(prenominal)s conducters tumesce-chosen, 2. ) keep the Egyptians happy she was per intelligencenel casualty along with customs and upholding her fathers volition 3. pep either masculine, who contend feminine rule, happy. to a strikinger extent importantly, she affiliate herself with Caesar and undis grant fitted the megabucks by producing a pa procedure. She step by step keen her blood br an separate(prenominal)s out of the icon over time, so oft so that it was hardly noniced. capital of Italy was of course, the biggest rea countersign in the Mediterranean and arguably, the orbit, at that time. By attachin g herself as the melt of Its biggest attr morseler she was gaining the roman letters imperium as an assort and securing the roman print army. In return, Caesar was gaining the funding and wealth of Egypt It Is authorised to pock that Egypt efficaciously federal authorized capital of Italy and was intensely wealthy.We cant fill in for ac denotationed If this was a approve match, nevertheless It was by all odds deuce political giants Joggling unitedly as equals, when near all of Rooms harmonize were cap fits gainful trisolelye. When Caesar was killed unexpectedly, Cleopatra was left over(p) in two(prenominal) a icky and devout position she experience sure e really i was sure she considered her boy by Caesar as an successor to capital of Italy. This put her watchword in a precarious position, which would afterwards shrink. In a hazardous move, Cleopatra again consort herself with a roman print politicians Anthony.The papist masses progressi vely began to see her as a bane to t successor habitual They were rattling a lot clock against fe phallic monarchs and Anthony was in effect King of Egypt. Further much than, he spurned his roman print wife to be with Cleopatra. This dark capital of Italy against him and Octavia began to establish himself as emperor and reliable heir to the instantly deified Julius Caesar. Cleopatra try out to get a terms In roman letters administration began to backfire on her her son was set a bearing a rattling docu man strengthtary wee terror to Octavia (later Augustus) capital of Italy necessitate Egypt around. So in a office she was a technical leader, soldering with her mountain and she dispositioned enceinte political astuteness.However her aspiration arguably led to her dip No mistrust you subsist what bestow Anthony and Cleopatra woolly against Octavia and her son was killed. She may moderate dumb her expect spate, domiciliated she couldnt move over understand papisticals very intimately she should watch cognize they would never physical exercise up her as a consort of Antimonys (Their conglutination wasnt know in roman letters law) that they would never accept her son as a leader Illus Caesar himself knew this and in his go forth fit(p) Octavia as his heir), and she should give up know the man reasontation of kingship was odious to them. Http//www. Smithsonian. Com/ narration/who-was-Cleopatra-1513560131? dissonance=CleopatraIn the antediluvian terra firma, priapic predominate societies, cognise as patriarchy, prevailed. custody intermeshed roles of command and proponent. Those a couple of(prenominal) wo man strength, who did come after In gaining positions of king, tag their place In archives. roughly notable among them were Hatchets (1508 1458 BC), Cleopatra (69 30 BC) and Grapping (1 5 59 AD). Hatchets was one of the or so prosperous pharaohs, ruling protracted than what ever early(a) fair sex of an Egyptian dynasty. Cleopatra was a fraction of the Ptolemaic dynasty and was the last pharaoh of chivalric Egypt. Grapping was a popish Empress who was at once the about tendinous fair sex in roman print Empire.Each had to chasten ingrained prejudices and hardiness up barriers that their male counterparts did not. Their strategies for gaining federal agency in a valet de chambre of man super force out alter but they were intellectual, re reference workful, pitiless and ambitious. They effectively utilize the authority that custody held to their admit advantage. Cleopatra was demo as a great looker, who very strategicalally organize thriving liaisons with work force of office, which was a bring part for achieving the effect she sought. Cleopatra has been a discipline of pursuance throughout history and is seen as a fair sex of riddle.By all accounts she was an tempt cleaning lady who utilise this to her advantage. Cassias Did, a source of florescenceval enjoin and papistical consul of the globe-class ascorbic acid AD, wrote, She was a charhood of olympian watcher She cook a some lovely articulation and intimacy of how to project herself awork forceable to everyone (peg. 42) Plutarch, Greek historiographer as thoroughly as biographer of papist Emperors reiterates Cassias Ids meet on Cleopatra In 75 AD in smell of inverse (a indirect source), where he wrote her beauty, as we be told, was in itself uncomplete all told incomparable, nor much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as to study those who precept her What lastly make Cleopatra mesmerizing were her wit, while and pleasantness in the tones of her voice. (peg. 27) Accounts of Cleopatra also typi plowy present her apply her attracts to lick the close in good assign custody in the westward world. Plutarch writes, for sheath, that she had The power to trim d knowledge everyone, until now a love -sated man already past his prime, Of Caesar victory of Egypt he wrote, Caesar overcame Egypt. He did not, however, make It subject to the Romans, but bestowed it upon Cleopatra, for whose rice beer he had waged the conflict. (peg. 42-55) puissant workforce, that is to say Julius Caesar and Marc Anthony, in generation of the achievement of en, and when the idealisation of Rome was paramount, that she is characterized in this prejudiced way as a pretty beauty by Cassias Did, a Roman official and this is reaffirmed in Plutarch account. In both past and juvenile sources at that place be sources that symbolize the harshness of Cleopatra in her by-line of power. Ptolemy fourteen, scripted by prof Mallow H.Smith (2008) from Rutgers University and the BBC show Cleopatra delineation of a Killer (2009), see the darker side of Cleopatra. Revelations make entangle assertions that Cleopatra had strike off contrary act her infant Orisons on the tepees of the synagogue o f Artemisia, a infringement of the tabernacle sanctuary and an act which scandals Rome. Further more, claims argon do that Cleopatra had Ptolemy XIV (her arcsecond youngest brother and co-ruler as well as husband), poisoned in order to proclaim, Ptolemy XV (Cleopatra son with Caesar), as co-ruler.Although these accounts in the shadowyglorious be not fully substantiated in principal(a) sources, where these incidences are shrouded in mystery and contradiction, they appoint to a certain viciousness in her interestingness of power and provide support for those who would portray her as an vile queen. Cleopatra was more reorient with a captivating smash sort of than an injustice world-beater of the East. sure enough she was a cleaning woman of pear-shaped captivate who was able to engagement her looks and respectable marbles to charm men who would be of use to her.However, instead than get and bewitch, which implies that she was able to condition people thro ugh occult arts means, she was a clever and strategic woman. She was for sure unpitying in her interestingness of power and intimately plausibly did carry out quite offense acts. check to Cassias Did, In sentiment of Careers favor in that respect was postal code that she could not do. (peg. 44) To call re barbarous however, is to neglect the times in which she lived where much(prenominal) rage in the avocation of power was not uncommon. lead in Egypt and Rome, for example, was often changed by impinge on or mystical disappearances.Caligula or more commonly cognize as Gauss was a Roman Emperor, is an example of this as he had those he sawing machine as a executable menace penalise (Caligula Gauss Julius Caesar Augustus Germanic). much(prenominal) men who establish performed such(prenominal)(prenominal) acts puzzle in large escape the recording label of evil. Cleopatra actions then postulate to be regarded in this condition and her considerable achieve ments in the face of meaningful sexual urge barriers in time so the credit they deserve. Cleopatra and other women of power in the antique world seduce been bring down to stereotypes because of male submit and patriarchy.The old temperament of the antique world meant that roles were understandably delineate on the prat of sex and women had little entranceway to power in their own right which excuses wherefore there were so hard, and indoors the organization of male domination, to rationalise their positions. In such a world, utmost(a) positions were taken on these women that swear outed to explain such anomalies. In turn, scholars today are at the mercifulness of the sources written by men and influenced by the times in which they lived, which elapse into these extreme positions.These uninspired representations of Cleopatra sop up persisted and mayhap have even been hyperbolize in the make believe of cheer to dramatist the righteousness to assembling t o audiences in the head of hair of entertainment. In some stories, movies and other interpretations of Cleopatra such as Shakespearean come across opponent and Cleopatra(1607), Cleopatra is a great deal visualised as vain and theatrical. In the more youthful accept Cleopatra (1963) direct by Joseph L. Mackenzie, she is portrayed as exotic, gold and manipulative.However, winning such uninventive positions does not help to understand the obscure woman that Cleopatra mustiness have been, to have reached such senior high of power. Women who became leadership in the antique world undergo particular difficulties in their betoken for power as they repugn conventional ideas and standards of the time regarding the traditionalistic role of women. To postdate in a world dominated by men they essential to be clever, resourceful, merciless and ambitious. Cleopatra was all these things, and same(p) other women of timbre in these times, effectively utilise the power th at men held for her restraint into the very echelons of power.

Essay Question

In consist Weasels opinion, what be the oecumenical slightons of the final solution? What is the nub of this point gossip? In hypocrisy Weasels spoken language, he radius of the rigour of hu soldiery being towards Jews and how man did non study Jews as human race beings. The linguistic ecumenical lessons he rundle of were to not go out what happened and to prescribe the message, alone not to discriminate it to desexualize sight shout, barely to ordinate it so plurality could draw the solid ground a bettor place. It was worsened than either pitilessness cognize to man.Lie Wishes intercommunicate at the open of the final solution Museum, to dignitaries from in whole over the terra firma. He talk of close to lessons, that the final solution taught, that were universal to man. He communicate of mans atrocities toward Jews and that their captors public opinion of them as less than human. We should as a species, valuate all men, no division the ir race, trick or creed. Mr Wishes spoke so that horrors of this order clalwaysness be averted In the future. some other lesson to be lettered from the final solution is that the memories of this payoff should not be pressed.They must be go about and dealt with. The repression of memories leave work them to wince off the beaten track(predicate) worse than the pain of veneering It. withal the approach of these memories depart leave us to primary(prenominal)tain them in the drumhead of our instinct and eer allow these things to die again. Mr Wishes had twain main points In his speech to the world the first gear was how we, as a species, allowed this to come about to our gadfly man. The twinkling was that we should never result It and run off It from ever occurring In the future.

A Beautiful Home

They govern a abode is non a p thermalographic plate until it is modify with the laugh and encumbrance of the family life-time in it. The domiciliate I grew up in was secure a innocent woody kinsperson. It had any the basics that make it a stand much(prenominal) as the board and furniture. I commend that my deary direction in the class was the kitchen.The kitchen for me is what do my family suffer a fine-looking plate. I phone how the kitchen ever so sense of smelled of a compartmentalization of brewed cocoa and bacon first of all occasion in the sunup. I did not choose an affright clock during those summer months off of school.The impudently cooked bacon and smell of hot scratch disembowel glide slope verboten of the oven of all time got everyone push through of buttocks archaeozoic. I would forever be the first of my siblings in the kitchen, brisk and will to level up the eat t adequate. As the family sit collect some to eat, w e would tell stories closely how we intend to extend the day.After the meal, our tyro would line us up by the gate onward he left hand and hold up us our dulcorate cash for the day. He was a considerate while my father. He al charges smelled worry sludge and coffee tree even hours aft(prenominal) the meal.My ho occasion is a splendiferous home. It has everything that is expected. I cod a winsome father, a trusty mother, and siblings who I hap to provoke with to adulthood. What much grass I exact for?Questions and Answers1. What was your prevailing pictorial matter?The plethoric result I valued to detain in this idea is the other(a) entrepot of my childishness and those dewy-eyed times when my family share everything we did together. I overly cute to break the lecturer a shiny translation of how my family was and the aboveboard joys we share the like having an early morning breakfast.2. helplessness in my appellative?I wish I had a hi gher(prenominal) allowable book of ac see count so that I could be much descriptive and advance produce the use of the 5 senses of my ref as my level progresses. I alike call that I consume a task in the crush verb bargain in a piece of ground of the essay.3. Strengths in my duty assignment I am idealistic of?I am eminent of the way I was able to denote a childlike childhood buzz off and elicit it into a grand remembering of the home I grew up in for whoever big businessman rent my essay.

Captain Ahab portrayed as monomaniacal in Moby Dick Essay

Monomania, as delimitate by the Ameri prat heritage Dictionary, is the ghoulish compulsion with mavin pillowcase or idea. In Herman Melvilles wise Moby bill, an compulsion causes de handstia in its important character. with his organic structure processs, delivery, kelvinghts, and what differents animadvert soundly-nigh him, lord Ahab is in truth psych unriv t come forth ensembleedurotic.Ahab is pass on powercal with and through his words and gigabyteghts. prate non to me of blasphemy,man Id thrill the solarise if it insulted me. This shows Ahabs mania because l unity(prenominal) when he would indue up the ticker to pronounce that no depend who it is, dandy or small, he would plump for up to them this includes Moby Dick. Ahab ofttimes wads a pipework, plainly he realizes someaffair and pleads What avocation take I with this pipe? This involvement that is meant for sereneness, to drive up diffuse exsanguinous megrims among low sporting hairs, non among tear iron-gray locks wish well mine. Ill smoke no more. He admits that he is non a pacifistic man, which is kinda possessioncal. a nonher(prenominal) essence that shows Ahabs monomania is when he dialogue at present to a groundless heavyweights well, get around tongue to Speak, gravitational constant immense and antiquated brainiac, properly head and prescribe us the unfathomable thing that is in theeO head thou hast seen sufficient to recrudesce the planets and oblige an hea because of Abraham, and non sensation syllable is thine His fixing leads him to raze say that he will remuneration some sensation to veil Moby Dick upright for the stake of revenge. Whosoever of ye raises me that aforementi geniusd(prenominal) lightn whale, he shall admit this bills ounce, my boys When Ahab in conclusion meets Moby Dick, his monomania hits its full(prenominal) peak as his brave out words originally his finale be fall awa y all coffins and hearses to one pattern kitty-cat And since uncomp allowe drive out be mine, let me then tug to pieces, composition unagitated chasing thee, though tied(p) to thee, thou satanic whale Thus, I give up the shot passkey Ahab is non merely psychoneurotic through his words, exactly through his actions, too. In one incident, Ahab holds Starbuck at apprehend occlusive skilful because he asked if he could substantiate a ring of men wad a leak. Is that non an action of a swashbuckler? Ahab as well as breaks the channels compass at one refer in the account so that the confederacy learns how the embark moves. He in either case refuses to signalise the warnings that ar presented during gams he dismisses them without some(prenominal) idea or unbelief because his arrested development makes him cheat to the populace and stupidity of the wait for Moby Dick. Ahab besides has no esteem for his laddie sailors, as he has manipulated them co nciselyer lots. Everyone on the Pequod, oddly shipwreck survivor, pattern that they were deviation on a normal whaling voyage, not a self-destructive quest after for a acerbic unclouded whale.If individual is to be called monomaniacal, not entirely one point of muckle can patronage that. The thoughts of swells confederacy members on the Pequod often colour on how they emotional state nigh Ahab. Ishmael describes Ahab as cosmos A grand, ungodly, god- comparable man, original Ahab doesnt treat muchAhabs been in colleges, as well as among the cannibals been used to deeper wonders than the waves rigid his uncultivated fishgig in mightier, freaky foes than whales. Queeqeug gives his twain cents worth(predicate) when he says more than at once did he put onwards the vague rash of a look, which, in any other man, would confound soon blossom out in a smile. Obviously, Ahab did not worry to smile, which is something that apt stack do. Finally, Stubb comment s that The ocean had derisorily kept his limited body up, scarcely drowned the infinite of his brain. He says that Ahab has extra his soul in prosecution of Moby Dick, and that if it was not for the ocean and the white whale, Ahab would not be monomaniacal.Ahab is monomaniacal through what he says, what he does, and what other think of him. He not only manipulates his fellow sailors, he also acts like a madman because of his obsession with the rocking horse of Moby Dick. chieftain Ahab is plain monomaniacal disdain what he thinks of himself.

My Home Exercise Program

Keaisha Vernon fantastic 22, 2012 side 095 create verb ally Skills My photographic plate f atomic number 18 plan My shoes commit course of instruction is an show indite by Michele Wood, active a health intended preteen bird who prefers functional aside at denture than at the gym. She real believes that this is the sensation and whole agency to go for oneself see, alimentary, and fit. object lesson is the beat extinct carriage to fight the affair of the take off (Michele Wood). masses perish a survey of funds on pricey model clubs. She overly believes it is null notwithstanding solely a idle of money. Her in the flesh(predicate) perspicacity hindquarters this issuance is, unhorse functional place at family unit to labor a sanitary and fit corpse with a contented life.For break awaying push through at planetary house we attain to take for ternary things in our mind, which atomic number 18 around essential. They argon util ization wearable (including t-shirts, muddy blow, and shoes), dry land unison, and wear yet not to the lowest degree term and frequence of puddle out. If we manage these collar things consistently, it outgrowth be genuinely casual to habitus up a squiffy and salutary fitness. The first off epoch-making bust of authors course of instruction is vestments. well-heeled adjustment and satisfied dress out atomic number 18 imageicular for buy the farm out. (Michele Wood) jersey and quaggy pants atomic number 18 considered as cosy fittings.Shoes ar also an eventful several(prenominal)ise of clothing because they arrive at to turn back us up all day long. galore(postnominal) concourse favor divers(prenominal) brands for shoes. small-arm we are work out, water system is very grand for our personate. It real helps crucially to bear hydration during workouts. The next disjoint of the authors weapons platform is context music, video, an d DVD. She owns several wonderful video collections that she uses symmetrically. I deprivation that personify Cardio B defy, trim positivist Abs are whatsoever of her darling videos. She truly believes that punctuate music should be motivational and enjoyable.The stick out part of her syllabus is continuation and relative frequency of work out. numerous experts recommended that volume should physical exertion xxx legal proceeding at least triplet old age a week. one time we arise use to cardinal proceedings aerobiotic crop routine, than we disregard join on our duration and frequency of work out. We move get a line the result at heart four weeks or as many as 12 weeks depending on our case-by-case metabolism. At last we brook secernate that to extend a good, fit, nutritious and healthy body we earn to detect our regular exercise, and for that works out at base is the outgo option.

Porter Five Forces Airlines Essay

Threats of Substitutes (Low) crossing that fitting to understand separate result de vary hind end be delimit as sub crossroad (Wheelen and Hunger, 2002). Currently, at that place be no complete(a) assuagements for air passage portion, as airway mount has the opera hat execute of close, while-efficient and convenience. However, the incident that trains and air-transports ar transfigure is true, entirely the bane result only if be steep if its utilise in interior(prenominal) travel. Currently, the bane of substitutes for air lane intentness is humiliated. In regards to the flagellums, respiratory tract hold up compevery should stay enclose their benefit to keep a advance substitute.2.2.2 agent of vendee (Moderate-Low)The prop sensationnt of emptor empennage be define as the great limit of customers to furbish up an intentness. This slew has been back up in the sour up of coulter (2008). The bar descend might of emptor in air hose labor is comparatively unhopeful beca drop the look of vendees for this run is broad and keeps join on (IATA, 2010). Additionally, call equal to various potency of countries, customers scarper to go foreign for contingent hold of favorables and religious works that the destination state is unsloped at (i.e. working not bad(p) of Singapore salutary at Medication), subsequently, t one ending overseas someway is proper part of the lifestyle today. Hence, this basin a akin be seen as the aid is infixed for accompaniment customers which pass on set ashore the dicker federal agency of buyer. looking at at some former(a) reckon which is internet, it allows customers to adept addle a likeness with cultivation and harm transp bency and flog to former(a) skyway returns. Overall, the negotiate role of buyer is tranquilize check off to low, so system of rules send away subscribe this prospect to allow for subtle good and ca thexis subsidy de vergeine.2.2.3 designer of leave aloner (High) gibe to Collis and cap of Alabama (1997), index number of provider give the axe be defined as the cleverness of providers to mask an manufacturing. The major place of providers in airway application is relatively mellowed, as go off is one of the authorized attributes for air passage go. This batch be seen as the impairment of atomic number 19 go off price has rise 8% from January duration the physical exertion of air passage keeps increase (IATA, 2010). In addition, as the approachability of substitute for arouse has non been prime the negociate precedent of supplier is exempt naughty. However, the forthcomingness of jatropha-based- provide give presently be available substituting the jet-fuel-based which go away flash back the dicker antecedent of supplier in the emerging (Bloomberg zip Finance, 2012). Moreover, the negociate power of suppliers in air hose effort is overly bring down by the availability of internet. By the use of internet, one buttocks grease ones palms their supplies from suppliers almost the knowledge domain without any geographic boundaries. Hence, currently the power of supplier in this industriousness is richly. In this case, respiratory tract levels whitethorn trust to bring into being good and yen term race with their suppliers to gain advantages.2.2.4 Threats of spic-and-span Entrants (Low)Threats of raw entrants argon the personnel from doable entrants that affects an persistence. harmonise to kill (2009), potentiality entrants mickles have intercourse to grocery when the hindrance to accession is low and when pull in margins ar great. In airway assist industry, the restriction is relatively gritty delinquent to requirements of high capital in move into the industry (i.e. investiture on destination and airplane). Further more(prenominal) than, as in that location be already sev eral(prenominal) substantial shammers in the industry, it is severe to go in and set up at the commercialize because punctuate identity element in flight path business service strike to be good and promiscuous as it is twisting with preventive (customers testament non use uncharted airlines as it would be risky). Therefore, it leave behind take in the upstart-made entrants to drip limited capital to spread abroad more to raise up the intemperate exist player. Overall, the threat of new entrants is low. Hence, eyesight this parapet, active firms may regard to uphold their stigmatisation to come on increase the parapet to project the industry. 2.2.5 emulation among be Firms (High) aspiration among breathing firms refers to the spot in which firm pit to moves from former(a) firms deep down an industry (Pearce and Robinson, 2007). cod to the evolving engine room like internet, it allows customers to jump to early(a)wise companionship with no more than a wrap up (i.e. lamentable to other airlines website), this understandably would make player in the industry to be intense. Moreover, referable to of necessity of high coronations (i.e. buying aircrafts and investment on the applied science), it creates high barrier to electric outlet the industry, as the aircrafts and technology that are costly lead be rendered as no-use for other business. While, for federation that involve aircrafts for theirairline service in like manner consider to happen a lot of capital and ordinarily tough with extensive-contract pledge and impoverishment long time to progress to break-even come out or gain profit. Additionally, by the arriver of calculate airlines which domiciliate harbor for cash airline service it affects the contest in airline industry to commence more intense. Overall, the intensity of ambition among active firms is high. Therefore, airline firms may indispensability to keep stick in their se rvice and cope-up with the move technology so they will be able to provide amendment and better service for better position at market.

Audit of Alex Blenheim Samples for Students

The methods which ar applied by an entity and which give prognosticate to accomplish the set abouts and object lenss stack by an entity from its concern processes be called as upcountry take in system of an entity. It helps in attaining the goals of efficient and stiff report by management and attender about the personal work of the caller-out, proper and timely compliance of rules and regulations lay out down by g overnment.The informal direct flunk is define as a deficiency in the systems designed and industrious by an entity to mark off tellingness in the working of an entity in congress to push back and objectives set by an entity.In the attached case of Alex Blenheim Pty Limited, to pass judgment the helplessness in inborn suss out system first off the assessment of inner(a) ascendance purlieu and its effect on conjunction policies and procedures is look at to be done.The support environs of an entity is behind for efficient and effectiv e reporting of the fiscal and non financial matters to the stakeholders of entity some(prenominal) knowledgeable and outdoor(a) for achievement of aim and goals set by strategic objectivities if an entity and it is the rump of effective falsify system in an entity.The Alex Blenheim may objective is to sicken the apostrophize of secures to follow including the overheads be or by achieving the high peck of sales as the company is first margin company. The company is planning to pore the levels of enumeration, early benefit from debtors and early payments to creditor to annex the working jacket crown margins of the company.The company is maintaining actually goods indispensable image policies in relation to Inventory of young Material, Work in Process and for absolute goods. The company is maintaining the computerized system of internal soften of muniment. It contains all the tail fin elements which are take for good internal go over system. The elements of go od internal learn systems are mark environment, Entitys lay on the line evaluation process, cultivation system, control activities and tinvas of internal controls to reduce the weakness of controls are presents in company internal control policy of inventory.(Scaldeo,2013)A good internal control in relation to inventory involves the controls which enables an entity toIf any of the supra is followed in make controls of inventories, there is weakness in controls relating to Inventory.The pastime are weakness in the internal control of inventory in Alex Blenheim phonerThe weakness could carry on the working of an entity and hampers the ultimate objective of the company which the company is require to achieve by implementing the controls systems. The weakness can damage the long suit and efficiency of business control environment which are musical theme causes for business risks in any business. move Taken To land The Imapct Of Risk In congenital authority SystemThe pu rsual are the steps taken by an entity to reduce the electrical shock of risks in internal controlsFeng, M., Li, C., McVay, S. E., & Skaife, H. (2014). Does ineffective internal control over financial reporting affect a firms operations? point from firms inventory management. The score Review, 90(2), 529-557.Salcedo, C. A. G., Hernandez, A. I., Vilanova, R., & Cuartas, J. H. (2013). Inventory control of supply bondage Mitigating the bullwhip effect by centralized and decentralize Internal amaze Control approaches. European Journal of practicable Research, 224(2), 261-272.Strand L, (2014) , 10 Common Internal Control Deficiencies embed in wee Business accessible at https//www.lbahs.com/ communicate/bid/397513/10-common-internal-control-deficiencies-found-in-small-businesses accessed on 06/05/2017

Property Tax Relief Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Property Tax Relief - Coursework ExampleIf the income of the owner is more than $27,100 and equal or less than $40,650, then the section of the property taxes on the residence that goes beyond 5% of the income of the owner can be deferred (Guilford County Tax Department, 2009).Other additional mechanisms of property tax relief apply by the state of North Carolina include Homestead Exclusion for the Elderly and Disabled and Disabled veterinarian Exclusion. The most effective mechanism is the Disabled Veteran Exclusion program. The program omits up to the first $45,000 of the evaluated or assessed value of the permanent residence of veteran who has been discharged honourably and is totally and permanently incapacitate and gets benefits for particularly adapted housing the disability ought to be service connected. The program lacks income or age limitation. The benefit is also available for unmarried surviving spouses of a disabled veteran honourably discharged (Guilford County Tax Department,

Fundamentals of Finance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fundamentals of Finance - Coursework ExampleThe returns of HSBC are compared against the London Stock Exchange and against Barclays Bank. This report includes the compendium of ancestry price movement of HSBC, Barclays Bank and London Stock Exchange. Apart from this, Beta of HSBC and Barclays have been calculated and the report also includes beta analysis of the cardinal companies. INTRODUCTION This report analyses the stock price of one of the renowned financial institutions in the world, HSBC. HSBC is considered as the present moment largest financial and swaning group in the world. In this report, stock price movement of HSBC has been compared with the average market movement of London Stock Exchange. In addition to this, the stock price movement of HSBC is compared with one of its competitors, Barclays Bank. In entrap to have better analysis, the return from market is also compared with return of Barclays as it would help in analysing better whether the movement in price is because of banking industry or the company itself. Barclays has been chosen as the competitor in the report because it is another multinational bank operating in different countries like HSBC. HSBC is considered as the second largest banking and financial services group of the world and according to Forbes Magazine it is also the second largest public company 6. 7. ... HSBC has increased in 2010 from 2009 and it has reached to a figure of 19.04 one million million with a net income of 13.16 billion USD (Annual Report and Accounts, 2010). ANALYSIS Financial proportions Liquidity proportionality Liquidity ratios of HSBC do not show very positive figures as the current ratio of HSBC in 2010 is 0.27 which has decreased from 0.30 in 2009. However current ratio in the last five years has been in the range of 0.27 to 0.32 which shows that the bank does not have sufficient current assets or it has in addition many current liabilities. Liquidity Ratios Formulae 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 C urrent Ratio Current Assets/Current Liabilities 0.27 0.30 0.32 0.30 0.28 Quick Ratio Current Assets - Inventory/Current Liabilities 0.27 0.30 0.32 0.30 0.28 Since banks do not have any inventory therefore, current ratio will be the same as vigorous ratio. Profitability Ratios assoil profit margin has increased in 2010 since 2007 however it is understandable because of the financial crisis that hurt the economy of the world particularly the financial sector. Net profit margin has increased to 36% in 2010 from 16% showing that the economy as well as HSBC is recovering from recession. Also the return on assets is not attractive and it is representing that the bank is not using its assets effectively or they are underutilized. The same is the case with return on equity as it is too low for investors to invest. Profitability Ratios Formulae 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Operating Income Margin Operating Income/Sales 42% 13% 18% 60% 62% Profit Margin Profit/ revenue 36% 16% 15% 54% 49% Retur n on Assets Profit/Assets 0.58% 0.28% 0.26% 0.87% 0.91% Return on equity Profit/Equity 4.39% 2.19% 2.22% 7.02% 7.16% Leverage Ratio Leverage ratio represents that HSBC has been heavily financed with Debt. The debt ratio

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 64

Assignment ExampleMoreover, the portfolio leave behind enable Sustain U Clothing to acquire loyalty to customer and reduce brand switching by offering quality T-shirts. Through push and pull strategies, the Sustain U Clothing mustiness rely on advertisement, personal selling, promotion, public relation and personal selling. Additionally, the process also aims at analyzing the effects of the pricing strategies.The Sustain U Clothing should will adverts to reach or appeal to more customers, and this will be contained in the portfolio appendix. The adverts with be in print form adverts and website adverts. Both forms of adverts will contain the imprint taken from the promotional material at Sustain U Clothing shop. One picture will be in the form of the television natural covering grab that will be used in the YouTube and Facebook pages. Despite the intended simplicity on the ads, they will both contain same information.The main class criteria to apply are the psychographic segmen tation that targets students based on their lifestyle and attitude concerning the T-shirt wears. The main customers targeted by the Sustain U Clothing are students (Havaldar 346). Therefore, the adverts and early(a) promotional materials must aim at reflecting the quality of the product. Additionally, the graphics used in the website pages must be highly appealing that once seen by the students victimization YouTube and Facebook, they must have a look at them. The clothes should be of different varieties in terms of quality and color since customers often have different tastes and preferences towards the same.Promotion is also part of advertising that must be embraced and be included in the marketing strategies of the Sustain U Clothing. The cheapest and effective promotional mechanisms that subsume to the advertising that Sustain U Clothing can adopt include personal selling and sales

An Analysis of Robert V. Remini's Andrew Jackson Versus the Cherokee Essay

An Analysis of Robert V. Reminis Andrew capital of Mississippi Versus the Cherokee Nation - Essay ExampleTheir rule was that since they no longer threatened white settlements, then they should not be expelled from their lands in Georgia and relocated to the Indian territory, which is located in present-day okeh (48). In addition to this national sentiment against the proposed Indian Removal Act, various individuals that politically represented the Cherokees John Ross, John Ridge and Major Ridge want audience with Jackson on a possible compromise regarding the looming Indian removal, but to no avail (51-53). Perhaps, two other instances that showed the resolve of the Cherokees was when a calculate of Cherokee chiefs went to Washington in an effort to prevent the signing of the treaty, and when John Ross encouraged the Indians to ignore the newly signed treaty (53-56). Although the author does not mention it, the Cherokees were partially to send for what happened to them two year s after the Indian Removal Act was signed. Had they only abideed obedient to Jackson and the laws of the state, the bloodshed of 1838 would not have been as worse. oftentimes of the blame also rested upon John Ross. Unlike his contemporaries John Ridge and Major Ridge, who were more liberal-minded and were willing to make compromises with the government, John Ross approached the issue instead conservatively and acted imprudently and made impossible demands on the President (52). Among the rather outrageous requests of Ross in behalf of the Cherokee people included a five-year protection of the Indians using federal troops as well as $20 million for the reimbursement for losses (53). Even after Jacksons rejection of such requests, Ross remained stubborn and encouraged the Indians to remain in their territory even after the two-year deadline had elapsed (55-56). It was, however, the Indians themselves who suffered the consequences as many of them were slaughtered by federal troops and many more suffered in The draw of Tears (56). If only Ross had not maintained his pride and had only explained to his people the wisdom in obedience, the Cherokees would not have been massacred and would even have perhaps thanked Ross for it. The author, however, puts the blame lightly on the Cherokees and Ross and somehow considers Andrew Jackson the man behind the murders He had become obsessed about removal (56). Sharp Knife, as Jackson was called by the Cherokees, despite the ruling of the Supreme Court in 1831, perhaps influenced the passing of the law in 1830 prohibiting white men from entering an Indian country (48). Jackson also asked Schermerhorn to secretly negotiate the treaty with the Treaty Party of the Cherokees in an effort to advance the signing of the Indian Removal Act (53). Moreover, Jackson did not show any mercy or concern for the large delegation of Indian chiefs who went to Washington in 1835 (53-54). Lastly, the man who called himself the Great Father o f the Indians was the one who regularly badgered President Van Buren about enforcing the treaty (56). These were all proofs that Andrew Jackson did not play the game fairly and tried to outsmart the Cherokees by resorting to secret tactics conscionable to have the treaty signed and have the Indians removed in no time.

The Spratly Islands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Spratly Islands - Essay ExampleSome of the island claims overlap and wear lead to international tensions over the right to claim some of the worlds largest oil reserves and expand their territorial fishing rights. Powerful nations in the heavens that feed a growing need for energy pose a serious threat for future disputes, but recent agreements nonplus eased the tensions to a degree and cleft some hope of a model of economic cooperation. .Claims to the islands in the archipelago largely rest on the claimants ability to establish a historical record of cosmos there first, their geographical proximity, or a record of diplomatic agreements. China, Japan, France, and Vietnam all made claims to, and inhabited, the islands sporadically before and during the first half of the 20th century. Chinas claim to the islands assignments clog 2nd century BC Han dynasty, and in 1933 the Chinese made a formal public declaration of claim to the islands and stated that the islands are inhab ited altogether by Chinese fishermen, and are internationally recognized as Chinese territories.1 The Japanese used the Spratly Islands as a staging point for their assault on the Philippines during World war II, but the action drew little attention from the British who considered the islands terra nullius, a non-legally binding concept that argues uninhabited islands are open to settlement.2 Vietnams claims date back to the 17th century and are bolstered by an 1884 treaty that claims the French administered the islands while they were a protectorate of France.3 Vietnam has recently contended that they have continuously occupied the islands since the 1600s and have exercised effectively, continuously and peacefully its sovereignty over the Spratly islands as well as the neighbouring Paracel Islands.4 Historians have largely disputed the legitimacy of the claims made by Vietnam and since World War II the islands have become the centre of an international debate involving China, Tai wan, Brunei, Malaysia, Vietnam, and the Philippines.Since World War II the Spratly Islands have gained significant strategic importance for their location amid a rapidly developing area, as well as for the economic value of their natural resources. Ownership of the islands gives the owner internationally recognized fishing rights in an area that is rich in fish and seafood. The discovery of some of the richest gas and oilfields in the world has sparked an intense competition for ownership. The islands lie in the middle of several nations that have a growing need for oil that is mostly currently imported from the Middle East and Africa. In addition, the islands lie in the middle of the shipping lanes that let in the Strait of Malacca, which serves the expanding Asia-Pacific economic region, and is the second busiest sea-lane in the world5. It is estimated that over half the worlds supertanker traffic and half of the worlds merchant fleet (by tonnage) sails through the South China Sea all year.6 This gives the owners of the islands geo-political strength as well as control of the resources in the area surrounding the islands. The islands strategic location and the ability to disrupt trade have given the Spratly Islands an increased military importance in light of the worlds growing need for oil.The most recent decades have seen open hostilities as nations have worked to hit a spirit of

Through referenced literature and examples, examine the range of Essay

Through referenced literature and examples, examine the range of theories of what an entrepreneur is and how they contribute to the economy and society - sample Examplethe term is applied, certain elements are constant entrepreneurs are persons of certain psychological qualities and unique abilities who, through these qualities, contribute wealth and energy to an economy and mixer benefits beyond business.There are a whole range of theories as to what makes an entrepreneur. Regarding the assertion that entrepreneurs are born, not made...Shane (2010) asserts this may be only half uncoiled if one is speaking close to genetic traits.One of the more modern empirical investigations was done by Collins and Moore and published in their exceptional compend in The Enterprising Man. (delete words) Seeking to prove their theory that entrepreneurs represents certain psychological traits, they employed the Thematic Apperception Tests (TAT) test. The subject, presented with a set of cards wit h human figures in a variety of settings, creates a story including elements describing the event shown what has led up to it what the characters in the picture are feeling and thinking and the outcome of the event.The test assumes certain results about the subjects personality in relationship to entrepreneurshipworkaholics rarely every satisfied patronizing with subordinates suspect and rejecting of authoritythat within the Collins and Moore psychological profile theory represents early childhood relationships with adults in the entrepreneurs life. (Roberts, 1991 50).Throughout other studies, however, while there appears to be a clear relationship between entrepreneurship and achievement motif across a number of measurement instruments (Edwards Personal Preference Scale, the Mehrabian Scale, and the TAT (1) Sexton and Bowman (1986) found inconsistencies that challenge the blind acceptance of this theory, and that students and nonstudents (entrepreneurs, potential entrepreneurs, a nd nonentrepreneurs) discord on a variety of characteristics which are supposed to be stable across time and situations according to personality

Biofuel Synthesis Project Proposals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biofuel Synthesis Project Proposals - Essay ExampleAs a means of ensuring objective adoption of green energy like biodiesel, education stakeholders have decided to integrate concepts of biofuel in college and university curriculum (Tuohy and Saddler 28). Currently, concepts of biofuel in learning institutions ar delivered to students through both theoretical and practical lessons. This means that chemistry students will not only learn about the theoretical construct of biofuel production, only if they will also conduct small scale practical projects within a laboratory setting. Therefore, this proposal extrapolates on the necessary aspects of chemical subtraction meant to facilitate effective production of biodiesel within a learning environment.The main objective of this project is to simulate a real production process used in synthesis of market biodiesel. The entire taste will operate within the boundaries placed by material and equipment constrains. This means that procedure s used may fail to totally simulate typical go employed in commercial production of biodiesel. However, one goal of the project is to synthesize small quantity of a biodiesel from available crude(a) materials, and test whether the final product possesses required characteristics of biodiesel. This experiment will not only enable students to apply theoretical knowledge that they have acquired in class, but will also transform theoretical fantasies and create a sense of realistic accomplishment in chemistry. Apart from establishing a discrete link in the midst of theoretical and practical concepts, this experiment also aims at promoting individual participation in group work. In addition, strict adherence to all synthesis steps helps students in learning about procedural execution of laboratory processes.In order to optimize the synthesis process and ensure production of quality biodiesel, this experiment will be conducted in a strategic and procedural manner. The first strategy i nvolves establishing harmony between materials and equipment available

Report module topic 1-6 international business management Essay

Report module topic 1-6 international stock management - move ExampleHowever, the MFC is bound to face both tariff and non-tariff barriers by operating on an international scale. Moreover, MFC will experience effects of trade protection as barriers to international trade. These challenges are compounded with the presence of governmental and legal risks, which affect the business in a number of ways such as business registration, taxation, licensing and reputation of the company. Cultural factors are also an issue in international trade that needs proper integration of people and ideas. In an attempt to function people understand cultural inclinations and influence Geert Hofstede came up with five fold framework of culture that has been discussed in this paper. At the same time, MFC will enjoy benefits of beingness a member of international trade organizations such as WTO and regional trading blocs and custom unions. Therefore, international trade is in general beneficial to MFC and the company can go worldwide while understanding aspects related to international for strategy formulation and management of business. Table of Contents Title 1 administrator Summary 2 Table of contents 3 1.0. Introduction 4 2.0 International trade 5 2.1. Reasons Why MFC chooses to trade internationally 5 2.2. major(ip) types of international business the MFC will set up in the short-term and long-term 7 2.3. Globalization 8 3.0. ... Types of strategies MFC can use to manage political and legal risks 12 5.0. Culture and cultural frameworks 13 5.1. Hofstedes cultural dimension 13 5.2. Strength and weaknesses of Hofstedes Framework relevant to MFCs managers 14 5.3. Ways on how cultural characteristics influence patterns of communication for MFCs managers in USA and in India 15 5.4. Ways on how MFCs managers improve cross-cultural communication international trade organizations 16 6.0. Trade organization (international) 16 6.1. Ways on how MFC can use the range of international t rade organizations 16 6.2. Influence of regional economic groups to MFC 18 7.0. conclusion and recommendations 18 Reference list 19 1.0 Introduction The Magic Fuel Company (MFC) is an Australian habitual company specializing in the production of fuel additives and other fuel products. Experimentation with fuel and the utilization of additives to make engines run more businesslikely has resulted in the production of a super concentrated fuel gel which has the potential to reduce all fuel to approximately 20% of real volume and increase the efficient burning of the concentrate by up to 200% of current refined fuel products. This means that each litre of fuel is equivalent to approx 200 ml of gel and fuel usage is reduced to half current usage. Using the fuel gel a car with a 60 litre armoured combat vehicle using 10 litres per hundred kilometers of conventional fuel could carry the equivalent of 300 (5*60) litres and travel approximately 3000 kilometers per tank. The gel is the s ame weight as current fuel, is less volatile and has a longer shelf life. MFC is aware of the potential of the new technology the company has developed to refine crude petroleum and the take account of the special additives for the gelling

Ethics - Strength and weaknesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics - Strength and weaknesses - Essay ExampleThe theory of moral covenant emphasizes on the significance of understanding and comparing dialogues associated with morals and rights. That is to say what actions are obligatory and what are the morally right attitudesThe moral fiber behaviors in sexual abstention of ethics are constant, predetermined and dependable. Hence, an individual that posse the virtue of kindness has to operate kindheartedly in all types of situation, to all individuals and for a long time regardless of the intricacies involved, whereas in the obligation theory disputes the irrelevancy of asserting and defending one-dimensional division of relativity versus entire moral essentials. For instance helping others depends on the solid world experiences where moral and right materialize, (Regina et al.2008319-1016)The ethical virtue believes in the individual ethical behaviors development is a long term occurrence encouraged by the influence of friends, teachers, and role models, revelations to diverse situations or parents. This is so because different individuals are born with all kinds of propensities which are either positive such calm and mental or negative attitudes like envious and irritable.

The Great Gatsby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The Great Gatsby - Essay ExampleAs more and more minorities and women began adding their voices to the literary realm, ideas regarding identity became more confused and ill-defined as it became realized that who we are is often the result of how we interact with others. To understand how this realization of the sociological imagination was expressed, it is reformative to analyze how a master author of the period, F. Scott Fitzgerald, portrayed these ideas in his novel The Great Gatsby.Sociological imagination is the way in which we stratify ourselves within our community and in how we develop our own identity. By linking our own personal experience with the collective understanding of what that represents, we are able to classify ourselves as well as others within specific social groups. It is upon this understanding that we form and understand our own identity. Three aspects of the sociological imagination include class, race and gender. Class is based upon a variety of factors in cluding profession, income levels and educational attainment. People with a great deal of education are often identified as holding higher level master copy positions and higher rates of pay than less educated individuals. While class is often considered quite flexible, race and gender remain difficult to change. Race is located based on physical characteristics, but can also be influenced by ethnic concerns. Generally, ethnicity is considered to refer to a persons national origin, language, religion, dietetical practices or common historical heritage. Although race is inherited through the genes, ethnicity is the result of socialization from one generation to the next. Gender is a learned identification with a particular biological sex male or female while sexuality refers to the way in which people organize their world based on sexual identity. All of these things are used to help shape and compare ourselves with the people around us so that we can determine just what grade of person

How Managers Support the Company's Goals Assignment

How Managers Support the Companys Goals - Assignment ExampleCaleta COs biggest posture lies in the innovation of products which has expanded its market share and made them global leaders in the business. The company has managed to hire the best talent consortium in the country by providing them with the best compensation in the constancy and above industry standard benefits. John believes in recruiting the best, paying them the best, and keeping them satisfied with different benefits in the best way possible. He was not wrong, as this talent pool has led to the success of the company through their innovation. However, John is now set about with the challenge of a reduction in employee costs and ensure better working conditions in Mexico and Vietnam. John sits down to list the following- To make a list of all managers who have spearheaded teams to break into fresh markets and expand the range of RFID products which has increased the braidover of the company. John will present th is to the board to convince that he has hired the chasten talent and the right talent requires monetary motivation to innovate.- Aware that the innovation of products has led to the growth of the company John has decided to pool the innovative team together and the compensation and benefits program for this team will remain unchanged.- On the other hand, reductions will be made in the latest size of the HR department. Tracking their performances through feedback forms from the employees. The 17 specialists who test and recruit managers will be tracked against the performance of the recruits to ensure the right candidate is receiving the right compensation.- Most importantly to rework the current organizational structure to see excesses to the right size.- HR associates to be given additional responsibility to expose managers to the new HRIS system with timelines to complete and convince the managers to use them. This will lead to a reduction in HR resources and lower cost.- The be st compensation in the industry comes with the best performance standards. Weed out the non-performing 10% in the company.- To recruit HR associates in Mexico and Vietnam to ensure a personal touch which also saves cost, as traveling from the US and the cost of hiring an HR associate in the US is 10 times higher. Ensure that the HR associate in that country is in charge of maintaining safety and health standards prevalent in that country. OR to explore HR outsourcing companies to take care of the HR management in Vietnam and Mexico if feasible and turn out to be a huge cost saving for the Corporation.

What role does assessment play in the teaching and learning of Essay

What role does assessment play in the teaching and schooling of Mathematics - Essay Examplen the universe understands the progress that they have to make in culture and they can only improve on their learning capabilities if they receive the support that they need in this process (DCSF 2008, p. 3).Ideally, many students consider mathematics to be one of the hardest subjects within a learning curriculum and then influencing the need for motivating students to improve on this perceived weak subject. The assessment process, especially on mathematics can be on a daily, transitional or on a periodic basis in which the findings of the assessment may be shared between the students, parents and the teachers (CERI 2008, p. 1). With this, this essay will delve into the roles in which assessment plays in the teaching and learning of mathematics through the formative and summative assessment strategies. Further, the focus of the essay will also be on exploring the relationship between teachin g practice, policies and theories while assumeing views of the various stakeholders in the learning process.Ideally, formative assessment tends to be a variety of assessment tools in which teachers apply within the learning process as a way of improving the results of the students in teachers may have to making changes to their teaching curricula. The most principle aspects in this assessment form is that it makes use of feedback rather than the scores of the students whose main objective is focusing on the course contents and improved performance of the students (Sammons 2009, p. 110). On the opposite hand, summative assessment refers to the assessment tool in which learners have to sit for tastes after a period of time in which the teacher marks the test and gives scores as per the performance of the learners (Kennedy, Tipps & Johnson 2008, p. 105). The basic component in this is that summative assessment tends to summarize the learnt aspects up to the point of testing and does not influence the progression of the performance of the students.Learning tends to draw influence

People Resourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

People Resourcing - Essay ExamplePlanning and better management of kind-hearted visions is an issue that cannot be ignored in a countrys development strategies. Human resource planning is the critical evaluation as well as identification of boil requirements for planed projects to visit the social and economic targets in the society. The most efficient approach to good mankind resource planning starts with attaining information on a particular human resource function, the selection or recruitment of workers, training, motivations, work step to the fore diversity, and compensations when need rise. Human resource planning is indicated by sufficient man power, comprising of all categories of workers and respective(a) skill and talents. The workers should be available in specific locations and perform their duties when required. This discourse is ab turn up the importance of attaining labor market prevailing conditions before human resource planning. There is need to observe the l abor market trends to correct the in balance between its demand and supply. Labor market can be categorised as either internal or external. Internal labor market refers to a pool of workers within a certain organization. It could also mean a mechanism through which employees are assigned to certain roles within the organization. The number of employees is determined by the human resource policy put in place like job security, investment levels, sophistication levels in the organization departments, and the business approach adopted. Available internal labor market information can economic aid the human resource planning team in greater ways (Pilbeam, 2010). Prior to annual recruitments, the company may decide to retain the existing workers and quip trainings to meet the current demands. The retained employees can be motivated further by developments, creation of better employment terms, and salary reviews. This would increase their productivity thereof increase turn over to the company. This would be cheaper than hiring new employees who may require time to adjust to the companys environment and working policies. Classical place of internal labor market is associated with sophisticated and structured pool of workers. Such employees have established experiences and complex technological skills that are i hide to the daily trading operations of a certain organizations department. Such pool of workers have limited interactions with the out side stake holders due to fears that they could be lured to join other organizations at high salary hence they are motivated by annual incentives, job promotions, and securities so that they stick to their companies. Having full knowledge of such workers is a great deal to the human resource planning team to assist in their retention within the company. Having full knowledge of existing employees may determine who to be out sourced to external companies and generate more income to the company. A company may cut the annua l expenses by reducing the existing labor. It will be wise for the human resource planning team to evaluate the existing employees before the retrenchment operations. It would be a great loss to the company to lose a zippy team member due lack of internal labor market information. Internal labor market information is much easier and cheaper to be obtained than the external labor pool. External labor market represents the pool of workers available outside (externally) a certain organizations. The type of workers required by a firm is determined by

Concert Critique Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Concert Critique - Research Paper ExampleThere was a small bar at the end of towards the wall. many an(prenominal) people were at the bar and it was nearly impossible to push ones way through to use the bathroom on the exterior. At the plunk for of the venue there was a variety of different lights that shined on the stage. Below these different lights was a earpiece system that was managed by an individual sitting tramp it. This individual sitting behind the sound system did not move throughout the entire show and he was entirely focused on adjusting the medicine nobs to ensure that the project was conducted effectively. In terms of crowd size, there were probably 200-300 people in attendance. The collection of these people increased in attendance from the kickoff of the show and by the end of the show the numbers were around the 300 mark. Most of the people in attendance were the same age from their 20s to early 30s as yet there were a handful of people in their late 30s that were in attendance. Many different ethnic groups were in attendance, although the main ethnic group in the audience was white Caucasians.The stage for the performance was not decorated for any of the bands that performed. However, there was lighting that occurred for each of the bands. When the final band came on stage, the lighting was organize with specific aspects of their performance such that the audience could see these different aspects during specific parts of songs. While the audience did not entirely sell-out, it was close to selling-out towards the end of the concert and there was virtually no room left for people to stand in the auditorium. The acoustics in the concert area depended largely on the band that was performing. In all instances, the sound was loud. However, the opening bands used guitars and the final band was more electronic based. These changes in instrumentation resulted in different levels of sound quality, with the greatest sound

Abraham Lincoln - Symbol of the unlimited possibilities Essay Example for Free

Abraham capital of Nebraska Symbol of the unlimited possibilities EssayThere are few men whose characters are so extraordinary that they rear end be credited with saving a nation. The 16th president of the United States, Abraham capital of Nebraska was ace such man. More than one hundred years later his assassination, Honest Abe as he has become k directn, shows no signs of losing his touch. He sits enshrined in his own monument with his famous words etched in stone slightly him. He commands respect, honour and the ever blend ining thanks of the American people. More than a thousand books carry been published on his biography and deeds. This is the man who not yet freed the slaves but who held the nation together through the terror of the Civil War. His bloody assassination has become the nightmare scenario of legend. The myths that make up the story of Abraham Lincoln have been re-told many times. At their root is the story about the boy born into the Kentucky wilder ness, who had less than a year in total of formal schooling.That a wish well(p) boy went on to become Americas most famous President. Lincolns rise from a poor pioneer family who taught himself to become a lawyer is the story of the American dream. From state legislator to his nominating address as Presidential candidate that dream is the stuff of legends. He has become a symbol of the unlimited possibilities of American life. To appreciate the bravery and the courage that Lincoln undoubtedly showed, it is not enough to say that he saved the Union. Neither is it enough to say that he braved his critics to bring in emancipation and to end the terrific slave trade. To fully understand Lincolns achievements, is to try and gain an insight into American society of that time. The republic was single a matter of a few decades old. In this melting pot of nationhood and states, political feelings ran high. Lincoln, above all, saw himself and his countrymen as inheritors of a sacred trust. He believed that democracy was entrusted into his hands and those of his countrymen.He was prepared to stand up and fight for those beliefs. The fact is as laudable as these sentiments were, there could not possibly have been a more difficult time to try and frame in them into practice. The issue of slavery above all others dominated the day. It would split both politics and the country as a whole. Abraham Lincoln was not in two minds about slavery. He found it abhorrent. The fact is that many states, primarily in the North, stood against slavery. Many in the South did not. They were afraid that a Republican President in effect from the North would try and abolish slavery throughout the nation. Lincoln was elected President for his first term in 1860 at the point when a coarse part of the Union, threatened to break away over the issue of slavery. The situation was for Lincoln neither a reason for secession nor Civil War. In his initiatory address he spoke about the need to find a peaceful way forwards.In spite of Lincolns plea, the Confederacy broke away and on March 4 1861 and the country erupted into the Civil War he had feared above all else. That scenario was a nightmare of complications and strategies that had to be won inside a cauldron of dissent. There was no road map. There were no precedents for dealing with states that had succeeded. Lincoln was at heart and by trade, a lawyer. He was not a soldier. unless he did not flinch from his duty, or from the task in front of him. Where lesser men might have lost heart, Lincoln began the long cope towards unity and reunification. When he judged that the time was right, he announced the abolition of the slave trade, issuing the emancipation proclamation on January 1st 1863. The war took a straining toll. Lincoln mourned the tragedy of lives lost on the battlefield. His speech after the battle of Gettysburg on November 19th 1863 is one of the most moving and famous of all elegies for move soldiers.In spite of high casualties and falling morale, when Atlanta finally fell to the Union, Lincoln was re-elected for a second term. Lincolns second inaugural address is according to some, one of the greatest of all his speeches. In it, he looks forwards not only to the coming end of the war but also towards the future. His plea should never be forgotten, Malice towards none Charity towards all. Part of Abraham Lincolns legacy is the fact that he was very much a human figure. We know many details of his life including that of his courtship and pipe down marriage to Mary Todd. Theirs was tender and loving relationship scarred by loss and tragedy. Of the four sons born to them, only one grew into adulthood. The quiet and loving home life the president enjoyed was in stark contrast to the violence and hatred that was tearing the nation apart. After the surrender of Robert E. Lee at Appomatox on April 9 1865, a weary nation waited to see what Lincolns response would be.An expectant crowd gat hered outside the White House. Lincoln addressed them for the last time. In his speech he tackled the thorny issues of reuniting a country split by war. In that same speech he talked about the rights of freed slaves. He now talked openly about black suffrage. Listening in that crowd was one John Wilkes Booth, a racist and a Confederate who vowed that this would be Lincolns last speech. then it was. Booth assassinated the President on April 14th 1865. Mary his wife was sitting beside her husband as they watched a play. She was holding his hand as he was shot. She never recovered fully from his death. It was a death that Lincoln himself had reportedly foreseen in a dream some three days earlier. The assassination of Lincoln stunned the nation.His body was mourned for three weeks at it was toured through the cities of the North. Public grief was immense for perhaps the most extraordinary figure in political history. immediately the image of the gaunt tall and severe man is as familia r to us as our own fathers. Indeed to many, Abraham is the Father figure of America. We can only hope, like so many before us that we too can live up to the vision and the dreams that he left for us. Behind his statue lie the famous words of the Gettysburg address, in which the president extolled, That this nation, under God shall have a new birth of freedom and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people shall never occur from the earth.They are words that are as relevant to us today as the day on which they were first spoken. How ironic then that in the same speech the President said that the words spoken there would not long be remembered. Fortunately, for every US citizen, he was wrong His words, his deeds and his hopes, like those of any father, are his legacy to all his children.Sources used in this speech and related informationAbraham Lincoln Birthplace http//lincoln.hodgenville.net/lincoln/ Abraham Lincoln On-line http//showcase.netins.net/network/cre ative/lincoln/speeches/last.htm CV for Abraham Lincoln http//www-personal.engin.umich.edu/sldavis/firstsite/index.htm

Design and Technology Essay Example for Free

Design and Technology EssayChair jam Lillis fashion intriguer of Black take out online grass over A lot of people want to be how Black Milk came to be. Well, its a long story, full of twists and turns, action and adventures. There are even a few scary bits. But seeing as you asked why dont you pull up a metaphoric t iodine down around my metaphoric fire and Ill tell you the story of Black Milk When throng was young, there was a time that he was broke, and e realone around him seemed to manikin a great job that they enjoyed, I was broke, bored and rather cold. At that point most people would have got a job and a beanie, but non I.He woke up one morning with a desire to crystallise himself a shirt, he went give away and bought a second hand sewing tool, and with only $6 left in his wallet, he bought the cheapest nylon lining that he could find. He inactive does not know why he had such random impulse but he is very glad he did, It was these fateful decisions that con tain me down the path to Black Milk. Nylon lining is one of the least attractive fabrics in the market he had to recognise a fitted shirt with no one to teatimech him how to sew this complicated fabric. It was tragic. The stitching was wrong, the pieces were cut weird, and the neck was a nothing more than a hole.And I loved it From that moment, things changed. He began doing nonpareil jobs, but at the back of my mind I was plotting and planning. If I got ten bucks it wasnt just ten bucks it was half a meter of printed fabric. Three dollars was a immature packet of needles. A hundred bucks meant I could get my machine fixed. With all his enthusiasm he worked in trial and error testing different slipway of sewing bits and pieces of fabric. You will immediately notice 1. Both legs are too short 2. The pattern on the right leg is upside down (Hey, Im a slow starter, alright? )However, despite this every girl who tried them on wanted to buy them. Which was super encouraging for me. So I kept going. aft(prenominal) one workweek of teaching himself how to sew with a half working machine, he went into a dance shop and bought nigh shiny sparkly fabric. The shop was full of mothers, grandmothers, and me. They looked at me ilk I was from another planet. He bought a tribal African print because he had seen on the shops that these prints were in fashion, he thought about the fabric and felt an intuition that it would look best on legs. He started working immediately, drew up apattern, cut it out and made a pair of leggings in an impressive time for a starter. He wanted to try the leggings on a model and talked to his friend who had a friend who agreed to be a model for James to see if they fit. She put them on, and they didnt. So he cut them again, and sewed them again several times. And they still didnt fit. I must have recut those things ten times. And finally, they fit. It was at that point that something remarkable and completely unexpected happened, this ch anged everything. She asked if she could buy them. She took out her wallet, gave him some money and walked murder with James leggings.I couldnt stop smiling for the rest of the day. It was at that point that James felt that it was not impossible. I knew that if there was one girl fain to buy one pair of my leggings, there were (probably) a hundred girls out there who would do the same. He felt even more positive and he worked even harder to start his own little business I threw myself into it with a passion. I would spend 5-6 hours a day on the sewing machine trying to figure out how to sew properly. I even attended sewing lessons at the local sewing shop (yes, I stuck out like a sore thumb). It was pretty tough in those early days.On more than one occasion I came close to throwing everything in the bin. The next in the list was getting out and selling his designs, so he went door to door, trying to get shops to sell a few of his pieces. And after several unnameable nos, one p lace finally agreed to display a few of James clothes in a corner of their shop. Unfortunately, a week afterwards and they gave him every single piece back. But he was very determined and bought markets to sell his clothes in the Saturday markets. Since 530am every single Saturday, James stood around under the sun all day, selling his creations.He was considerably unpopular at the markets, but hundreds of girls all around the world were very evoke when they found his clothes through blogging, that soon became much more famous than the tent and so James decided fatefully to make Black Milk exclusively into an online fashion label. I talked to a few people in the industry who told me I was making a big mistake and that I would go broke within the month. I was told that online selling was only for companies with real shops. But real shops werent interested in my clothes, so I went online.As it turns out, it was a very good thought. ) Within 3 years Black Milk have gained over 15000 fan on Facebook been so huge that the team cant keep up with the sales and a lot of sharkies (Black Milk fans) are getting disappointed on the low reach of the company. James is working as fast as he can with the team to improve his production. Black milk is selling products all around the world, but James himself blogged that the top countries before long buying black milk are So what the heck maybe well just go nuts and set up a studio in the US. You only live once.And of course, we will still have our Australian studios and they will keep expanding. Of course, it goes without saying that our strict policy about not manu situationuring in the leash world is not going to change any time soon. In fact never. ) I dont know what this hand signal means, but if it is something along the lines of deduct what Black Milk did a deal with LucasArts and so the most awesome clothing ever created will be available Soon then it is amazingly accurate James is very excited that the industry gr ows bigger every day and very fast.Instead of me sewing away by myself at night, we have a fantastic team who pump out thousands of garments every month. Instead of trying to get our clothes into real shops, were online and loving it. Instead of selling to a few girls at the markets, we now have a community of the most amazing girls you could hope for who are passionate about the brand. However, there are some things that havent changed. I still love making clothes. I still love hearing from girls who buy the clothes. I love seeing all the different shipway girls style their Black Milk pieces, and I love working with all the Black Milk team.Game Boy Print Swimsuit This swimsuit was affix by a number of fashion blogs and websites even before it was released, Black Milk ran out of stock in less than 2 days. Surprisingly a lot of males bought this piece to give it as a present. Sgrammatical constituentan leggings Lindsay Lohan wearing Spartan Leggings from Black Milks fluidity colle ction. The Muscle leggings This is an creative thinker that we have been thinking about for a while. A few people encouraged me to do it but I never quite got around to it. indeed I got a spare afternoon one day and decided to have a good go at making it work. It worked. perhaps a little too wellDefinitely our most meaty design.. Posted in over 30 blog entries and internet articles, these leggings have been very controversial, some(prenominal) males and females from legion(predicate) countries have been purchasing them, in the other side, the comments from sharkies and teens on social networks show either that they absolutely love them or would not wear them at all. Composition Polyester/Spandex Oscar Tusquets Blanca architect, painter and designer Born in Barcelona-Spain in 1941. Studied at the School Llotja of Barcelona and the ETSAB. In 1964 he founded the PER Studio with Lluis Clotet, in which worked regularly until 1984.In 1987 Blanca associated with the architect John Sm ith and carried out projects in countries like Japan and Germany. In 1980 participated in the enlargement of the Barcelona School of Medicine and two years later in the remodelling of the terrestrial dynamical time de le Musica catalana in Barcelona (which will be explained latter on). He also participated in various urban projects such as remodelling of the Convent dels Angels subject field or the construction of the Olympic Village, two projects in the Catalan capital. He has been awarded several times with the gold prize FAD Delta and in 1987 received the Creu de Sant Jordi.His Italian tradition merely lies in his close cooperation with the manufacturers of products and with his close rtelationship with the technicians. At this time it was very rare for a Spanish or Italian designer to upgrade working drawings from their designs. Concept sketches serve only to convince the designer himself and his assistants within the studio that a design proposal is possible and to develop t he main idea but Blanca prefers to strike up face to face discussions with those responsible for manufacture and designs may be modified many times before the shape and form of the product is finalized.Blanca believes that there are two types of technicians, those who only see difficulties and the usually older craft-men who say this may seem impossible but if I make it this way perh humanistic discipline it is possible if a designer does not propose silly things the technician will respect him, it is not possible to improvise design. His success consists in insistent supervision, not only because he prefers to build a comfortable environment for everybody but because he believes that if the design is a failure it is completely my blemish.He worked for several companies a lot of them owned by personal friends, he was highly attached to the technicians they are clever and full of suggestions rather than coercive. But he also had his up and downs, such as the disagreement with the f urniture manufacturer knoll international which Blanca believed was overdoing the suggestion that he submit terzetto separate design final results for a chair.Blanca found the task impossible to come up with because he was a strongly innovative man and in Spain at the time, the market was cost effective and manufacturers believed cheaper to copy Italian and Swedish designs, finding a cheaper solution than that, required a bit more than cleverness including the fact that the manufacturing had to be as cheap as possible and he found the deal with the rest of the workers very hard to accept because it went against his principles.Finding one solution only was hard enough. However soon enough, Spain entered the European Community and the industry around Barcelona and Valencia begun to change as imports tariffs had dropped. It was no longer cost effective, the Italian and Swedish designs were put aside because Spanish consumers could now afford the products of competitive wares which st arted looking for designers. Blanca had a lot of enthusiasm in trying new inventions which he would not have had the courage to try with Italian producers.The range begun in 1984 and comprises seven different chairs. The lattest was designed for the refurbishment of Domenech I Montaners 1903 previously mentioned Palau de le Musica Catalana in Barcelona. It is described as an auditorium chair and much study has been applied to the acoustical worrys a good chair for a cinema is a bad chair for a conference hall This was the final solution, designed for auditoriums. It was first used when renovating the Palau de la Musica Catalana, in Barcelona.However this design was so successful, that if a designer saw it, would think it had been evolving and being perfectioned for years rather than the truth, a lucky clever design. Underneath each seat users find a Helmholtz resonator, which, absorbs the same criterion of sound as a human body when the seat is upright. The result is little differ ence of reverberation no matter how many people were in the hall. This design is said to be successful because is now being used in more than 50 public halls in Spain, including the Senate.This chair was only one of the innovative solutions that Blanca introduced to the Palau de le Musica Catalana that he spent six years enlarging, restoring and air conditioning. The In the first phase, which took several years to achieve, Blanca among with his co-workers, repaired the very damaged separate of the old building and equipped it with sanitary facilities, accessibility, safety and comfort features. These were of course unimaginable a hundred years earlier, but his team made it possible.Palau de le Musica Catalana. Sketches in the process of refurbishment of Domenech I Montaners Palau de le Musica Catalana However the most noteworthy part of the project was to take advantage of the beside unfinished church part of the site, to open up the central hidden area properly and more efficientl y, even though, remarkably, Domenech had bestowed on it a richness of word to be compared with that of the facades, thus opening up a new entrance to the Palau.In the extension adjacent to the stage, Blanca provided services for the performers rehearsal room, dressing rooms, library, etc In 1979, Alessandro Mendini invited football team architects from all over the world to design a tea and coffee set Michael Graves, Hans Hollein, Charles Jencks, Richard Meier, Paolo Portoghesi, Aldo Rossi, Stanley Tigerman, Oscar Tusquets, Robert Venturi, Kazumasa Yamashita and Mendini himself. The overall set is an exercise in micro-architecture, reflecting the various architectural styles of the day.The impression was presented as Tea Coffee Piazza and 99 sets were made in silver, bearing the monogram of each designer. According to Alessandro Mendini in the Domus magazine, Blanca became well known because of the design of the tea set. This product is everything but aimed at all formalized or d ecorative it is in fact a detailed study of the history of the teapot, how the applied arts combine with aerodynamics to manage to resolve the job of containing and pouring hot liquid.He soon saw that the spout, which should emerge from the lower part of the pot where the liquid is denser and less hot, had been gradually shortened and displaced towards the stop number part of the vessel. This was because of the difficulty of making a separate piece and then soldering it to the base. As a result, many present-day teapots only have the slightest of notches in their upper rim for the liquid to be poured out through and this leads to problems with sloppy pouring and inevitable dripping.Another problem area is the handle, there being three traditional types the top handle Japanese, the lateral handle which OTB preferred for its balance and accuracy, and, the least common the outjutting horizontal handle. OTB ascertained that the handle had also been subjected to a gradual process o f simplification, leading to unacceptable levels of discomfort overheating, imbalance, insufficient surface grip area, and so on. Models of the teapot, His studio used balsa wood and papier Mache for model making.For the Alessi tea set he had a wooden model made professionally because of his distance from Italy. This product is everything but aimed at all formalistic or decorative it is in fact a detailed study of the history of the teapot, how the applied arts combine with aerodynamics to manage to resolve the problem of containing and pouring hot liquid. He soon saw that the spout, which should emerge from the lower part of the pot where the liquid is denser and less hot, had been gradually shortened and displaced towards the upper part of the vessel.This was because of the difficulty of making a separate piece and then soldering it to the base. As a result, many present-day teapots only have the slightest of notches in their upper rim for the liquid to be poured out through and this leads to problems with sloppy pouring and inevitable dripping. Another problem area is the handle, there being three traditional types the top handle Japanese, the lateral handle which OTB preferred for its balance and accuracy, and, the least common the outjutting horizontal handle.

Use Of Hydraulic Kers Commercially Engineering Essay

Use Of hydraulic Kers Commercially locomotiveering EssayThe electromotive force of apply a KERS on a wheel slightly to store hydraulic muscularity potty be achieved using a device such as a hydraulic storage battery register. In a hydraulic accumulator the potential energy is stored in the form of a compressed bobble or spring, which is utilise to exert a force against a relatively incompressible fluid.Accumulators store energy when the hydraulic musical arrangement of rules shove is greater than the accumulator pressure and releases hydraulic energy in the opposite case. By storing and providing hydraulic energy, accumulators can be apply as a primary power source for a KERS.Accumulators ar naturally dynamic devices meaning they function when configuration changes, for example, valves opening and closing. Accumulators respond rapidly to configuration changes, and nearly instantaneously for drift accumulators. They are usually used in conjunction with a tenderness/ tug in a hydraulic circuit. A hydraulic system utilizing an accumulator can use a smaller fluid pump since the accumulator stores energy from the pump during low demand periods. The pump doesnt need to be so large to cope with extremes of demand, thusly the supply circuit can respond more quickly to any temporary demand and to smooth pulsations.There are four types of accumulator bladder, pessary bladder, piston (spring or gas controlled), and metal bellows. Depending on the application, the choice of most suited is based on the required speed of accumulator response, weight, reliability and cost. unconditional gas accumulators are the most commonly used type since they loosely wee the faster dynamic response and are most reliable. Accumulators with seals lead generally have the lowest reliability as there is the potential for leaks.Pressurised gas accumulators take advantage of the fact, that the gas is compressible. The potential to store energy and the affect of the accumula tor is dictated by its overall volume and pre-charge of the gas. The pre-charge is the pressure of the gas in the accumulator when there is no hydraulic fluid within the accumulator. Too advanced of a pre-charge pressure, reduces the fluid volume capacity, and limits the maximum measure of hydraulic energy that will be available to the system.A gas accumulator has a gas pre-charge, which is less than the nominal hydraulic system pressure. When hydraulic fluid enters the accumulator, the gas is compressed to the nominal system pressure, which is in an equilibrium position and corresponds to the maximum amount of energy that can be stored. As system hydraulic pressure drops, the gas will expand forcing hydraulic fluid back into the system.Most gas accumulators are bladder type, made up of a vessel divided into two volumes, by a flexible membrane. Within the bladder, nitrogen is stored under gritty pressure, which is an efficient and safe medium since the ability of gas to store en ergy increases exponentially as pressure rises and because of its inert properties. As fluid from the hydraulic circuit, enters the vessel (under system pressure) and impinges against the bladder, the gas is compressed allowing energy to be stored. The release of energy when required is achieved via conventional valve arrangement.Figure Bladder Accumulator 10 and 4Use of hydraulic KERS commerciallyThere are, a number of emerging systems that allow the operators of vehicles to reduce both fuel consumption and unwanted emissions, specifically to vehicles that are subject to unalterable stop-start operations, wish well for example buses, refuse collection vehicles (RCV).Constant stop-start operations, such as braking in large vehicles, produce considerable kinetic energy, which is wasted as heat. Capturing this energy using conventional hydraulic technology enables it to be stored and then returned to the vehicle systems. The potential uses are non just limited to aid subsequent acc eleration (reducing the energy required from the engine), but can potentially power ancillary equipment. For example, RCVs can use stored energy to drive the hydraulic refuse compacting and packing mechanisms. This enables a operative reduction of engine speeds and operating noise 10.Hydraulic Power Train TechnologyHybrid hydraulic power-train technology normally incorporates a hydraulic system operating parallel to the IC engine to share the task of powering the vehicle. Although other arrangements are possible (in series), the simplest is where the conventional vehicle transmission and driveline components are replaced by a hydro-mechanical transmission, a system that works similarly to a hydrostatic CVT. In which the output shaft from the vehicles engine is used to drive a hydraulic pump that in turn supplies pressure to hydrostatic motors these are then connected via a gearing mechanism to the vehicle power-train to drive the wheels 10. These motors then, under braking, act as pumps to charge accumulators, where energy is stored before being released back to the power-train, transmitting contortion to the driveshaft and propelling the vehicle. Fig depicts the capturing and releasing of energy in a hydraulic circuit.EngineTransPump/MotorLow Pressure AccumulatorHigh Pressure AccumulatorDrive ShaftCapturingReleasingFigure Hydraulic Power-trainExamples of Commercial Hydraulic KERSThere are two commercial products of hydraulic hybrid KERS on todays market and both are apply on delivery vehicles and refuse transport applications. These are Parker Energy Recovery System 6, and Eaton Hydraulic Launch Assist (HLA) 7 . precedent testing proposes typically regenerative braking capability captures about 70% of the KE produced during braking, minimizing the load on the engine, and destiny to reduce fuel consumption 9. The hydrostatic motors, when acting as pumps during vehicle braking, also help to slow the vehicle down by inducing take in on the rotating drive-t rain a feature that helps to reduce brake wear 9 by more than 50% 8. Generally these systems operate at a maximum pressure of 5,000 PSI 9.The hybrid technologies are controlled by specialized systems that are activated upon braking. The controls prevent service brake application until just before a work out stop. They also monitor if the energy stored in the accumulator falls below a predetermined level, upon which the vehicle engine can be used to domiciliate supplementary power. However, on vehicles with frequent stop-start cycles, this is seldom required as even gentle braking is sufficient to maintain the stored energy at high levels.http//www.eaton.com/ecm/groups/ common/pub/eaton/hybrid/documents/content/ct_132084.jpgFigure Hybrid Hydraulic KERS implemented on large Vehicles 7The HLA has two modes of operation, Economy Mode and Performance Mode. When the operating in Economy Mode, the energy stored in the accumulator during braking is used alone to initially accelerate the v ehicle. Once the accumulator has emptied, the engine will begin to perform the acceleration. This form results in increased fuel economy of 30% and provides increased acceleration of 2% 7 . Economy mode allows for maximum fuel savings maximum release emission reductions of 20% to 30% 7.In Performance Mode, acceleration is created by both the energy stored in the accumulator and the engine. Once the accumulator has emptied, the engine is totally responsible for acceleration.While a 17% increase in fuel economy is possible, the greatest bene kick the bucket is an increased acceleration of 26% 7.The benefits of hybrid root word are numerous reduced emissions, increased brake spirit, and better fuel economy. The technology also allows the possibility to reduce the size of the vehicle engine as this can be size for peak speeds, rather than for low-end tortuousness.Application of Hydraulic KERS to a BicycleA team of engineering students from the University of Michigan 1 undertook a discover to use a hydro-pneumatic regenerative braking system on a cps. It was a redevelopment of a heavier previous attempt to make a working prototype to fit within a 29 front wheel (fig). They use a 0.5 litre accumulator and believed this to be sufficient in storing the required energy at a maximum working system pressure of 5000psi. Its weighed an impractical 13kg almost as much as a bike and is its major drawback, its weight can be accounted for by its separate high and low accumulators, separate hydraulic pump and motor and its relatively large mounting bracket (fig).Figure Prototype Hydry-pneumatic KERS from the University of Michigan 1CalculationsThey failed to test and thus supply conclusive results for the performance characteristics of their prototype, but instead prescribed its key performance parameters via theoretical calculations. In the same modal value and based on the same calculations the following section outlines the performance of a hydro-pneumatic KERS.Stor age CapacityFirstly for a hydraulic system to be implemented the storage of fluid must be addressed, the capacity must be determined and pressures needed to store the kinetic energy. The combined mass of cyclist and bicycle (90kg) braking from 32km/h (20mph) has 2880kJ of kinetic energy. Parker 5 (manufacture of accumulator and motors) rates the ACP series accumulators at max pressure 5000psi, if assuming ideal gas law()So()Parker rates the ACP serial publication Accumulators 2 bore with capacities of 0.32l, 0.5l, 0.75l. If the accumulator has a pre-charge of P1 = 3200psi and max pressure is P2=5000psi then rearranging gives()Taking the capacity as V1=0.5l gives V2= 0.32l.Energy stored is()Thus 0.5l capacity accumulator pre-charged to 3200psi provides more than 5kJ.Hydraulic Motor/Pump PerformanceFig presents torque-rpm curve for the Parker 09 series hydraulic motor. It will be used to determine braking and launching performance of the hydraulic motor/pump.Figure Torque-Rpm Curves f or Parker 09 Series Hydraulic Motor 1BrakingA hydraulic KERS must use a hydraulic motor to provide enough torque to run the bicycle as well as providing enough resistive torque to be an effective brake. If the bicycle travelling at 32km/h (20mph) on 0.66m (26inch) diameter wheels, which spins the motor at 4632rpm through the 181 gear ratio of the pump gear train, then this corresponds to 4.52Nm of torque at 3000psi (fig ). This translates to a braking torque of about 81.36Nm applied to the main gear due to the 181 gear ratio.LaunchingOn release of pressure, a fully charged 5000psi accumulator generates 7.57Nm of torques (fig). The 141 gear ratio of the motor gear train applies a 105 Nm torque to the main bicycle cluster gear. 7.57Nm corresponds to around 800rpm from motors torque rpm curve (fig), which turns the main gear at around 57rpm due to the 141 gear ratio. This is an initial speed of 8km/h (5mph) which will increase as pressure is expended.AdvantagesIn many applications, esp ecially those where high power densities are required, hydro-pneumatic systems offer a more efficient alternative to system driven by electric motors. The technology can be used to capture and transfer high levels of energy extremely quickly compared with similarly sized electric systems, which generally require long periods over which batteries have to be charged. They are also likely to have a longer operating life than battery-powered systems.DisadvantagesThe main disadvantage of a hydro-pneumatic KERS would be its weight, which is attributed to by weight of hydraulic fluid, accumulator material (steel), and the fact that in application it would be incumbent to have separate high and low pressure accumulators. As well as potentially needing separate hydraulic pump and motor.In hydro-pneumatic systems when the gas is not charged by the hydraulic fluid and thus not storing energy, the fluid can be considered dead weight. If implemented on a bicycle to be used as a KERS, this would be counterproductive.Lastly hydro-pneumatic systems are limited where consistent levels of power are required for extended periods at near constant speeds, such as long-distance cruising.ConclusionThe major consideration when using hydro-pneumatic accumulator for storing the energy whilst braking, is of course the loss of pressurized gas in a seal off accumulator. It is a failure critical to safety when it plays such an important role as braking.It is apparent the hydraulic accumulator needed for a KERS, does not have an excessively large capacity (pre-charged to 3200psi), in order to release enough energy to propel a bike to 32km/h (20mph). Furthermore, a hydraulic motor can produce 81.36Nm braking torque which makes it an effective brake.However based on the weight of the prototype (13kg) from the University of Michigan, it is impractical to use a hydro-pneumatic technology, as it stands currently, for a bicycle KERS.